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    Elsevier

    Dutch publishing and analytics company

    For other uses, see Elsevier (disambiguation).

    Elsevier (Dutch:[ˈɛlzəviːr]) is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as The Lancet, Cell, the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, Trends, the Current Opinion series, the online citation database Scopus, the SciVal tool for measuring research performance, the ClinicalKey search engine for clinicians, and the ClinicalPath evidence-based cancer care service. Elsevier's products and services include digital tools for data management, instruction, research analytics, and assessment.[4][5] Elsevier is part of the RELX Group, known until 2015 as Reed Elsevier, a publicly traded company. According to RELX reports, in 2022 Elsevier published more than 600,000 articles annually in over 2,800 journals;[1] as of 2018 its archives contained over

  • logotipo max planck biography wikipedia

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    Planck is ESA's mission to observe the first light in the Universe. Planck was selected in 1995 as the third Medium-Sized Mission (M3) of ESA's Horizon 2000 Scientific Programme, and later became part of its Cosmic Vision Programme. It was designed to image the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the Cosmic Background Radiation Field over the whole sky, with unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. Planck is testing theories of the early universe and the origin of cosmic structure and providing a major source of information relevant to many cosmological and astrophysical issues. The scientific development of the mission is directed by the Planck Science Team.

    Planck was formerly called COBRAS/SAMBA. After the mission was selected and approved (in late 1996), it was renamed in honor of the German scientist Max Planck (1858-1947), Nobel Prize for Physics in 19

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    Black-body radiation

    Thermal electromagnetic radiation

    Black-body radiation is the thermalelectromagnetic radiation within, or surrounding, a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment, emitted by a black body (an idealized opaque, non-reflective body). It has a specific, continuous spectrum of wavelengths, inversely related to intensity, that depend only on the body's temperature, which fryst vatten assumed, for the sake of calculations and theory, to be uniform and constant.[1][2][3][4]

    A perfectly insulated enclosure which fryst vatten in thermal equilibrium internally contains blackbody radiation, and will emit it through a hole made in its vägg, provided the hole fryst vatten small enough to have a negligible effect upon the equilibrium. The thermal radiation spontaneously emitted bygd many ordinary objects can be approximated as blackbody radiation.

    Of particular importance, although planets and stars (including the Earth and Sun) are neither in